Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 was reported in Canada on January 25, 2020, our understanding of the virus, its transmission, prevention, and treatment has evolved significantly, shaped by extensive scientific research, public health efforts, and real-world experience. Initially, COVID-19 was perceived primarily as a respiratory illness with symptoms resembling those of the common cold or flu, such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath. However, as time went on and more cases were documented, it became clear that the disease was not limited to the respiratory system but could affect various parts of the body, including the cardiovascular system, kidneys, liver, and even the brain. This broader understanding…

In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, an emerging and perplexing phenomenon that has caught the attention of the medical community worldwide is the persistence of symptoms long after the acute phase of the infection has subsided, a condition often referred to as “long-haul” COVID-19, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or simply long COVID. Among the constellation of symptoms that have been observed in this condition, one that stands out both for its prevalence and its impact on the quality of life of those affected is a persistent cough, a symptom that, while seemingly mundane, can be a source of significant distress and can also serve as a window into…

As we continue to navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic, it’s crucial to understand the various elements that make this virus particularly formidable. Central to the virus’s ability to infect humans is its spike protein. This structure protrudes from the virus’s surface and is pivotal in how the virus attaches and enters our cells. Imagine a key designed to fit perfectly into a lock – in this case, the spike protein is the key, while the lock is a receptor found on the surface of human cells. This receptor, known as ACE2, is abundant in various organs, including the lungs, heart, and kidneys, making them prime targets for the virus. How…

Long-COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is a term used to describe a range of symptoms that continue for weeks or months after the initial infection of COVID-19. This condition does not discriminate; affecting individuals regardless of the severity of their initial infection. It is a multifaceted syndrome, encompassing a wide array of symptoms that can fluctuate and change over time. Symptomatology of Long-COVID The symptom profile of long-COVID is diverse, with patients reporting a plethora of issues that can affect multiple organ systems. The most commonly reported symptoms include: Persistent Fatigue: This is not just a feeling of tiredness; it’s a profound exhaustion that doesn’t…

In the world we live in today, where COVID-19 has been a significant concern, getting the right diagnosis quickly and accurately is crucial. You’ve probably heard of the RT-PCR test – the common method used to diagnose COVID-19. While this test is widely used, it can have its drawbacks. For example, results might take time, and sometimes, it doesn’t catch every case of COVID-19. That’s where a new, smart technology steps in to change the game: Artificial Intelligence (AI). Understanding the New AI Breakthrough When someone has COVID-19, they often show symptoms like coughing or difficulty breathing – but so do other lung infections like pneumonia. This similarity can make…

As the world continues to grapple with the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, a common condition has emerged, known colloquially as “brain fog.” Brain fog, in the context of COVID-19, is characterized by a range of cognitive disturbances. These include, but are not limited to, difficulty concentrating, memory lapses, confusion, and an overall lack of mental clarity. Unlike the more acute symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever and cough, brain fog tends to linger, often persisting long after the individual has recovered from the initial viral infection. The Pathophysiology: A Complex Interplay of Factors The exact pathophysiology of COVID-19-related brain fog is still a subject of ongoing research. However,…

As we approach another holiday season in the continuing context of COVID-19, we find ourselves balancing the joyful anticipation of festive gatherings with the prudence necessitated by the pandemic. This year, though many COVID-19 restrictions have been lifted and vaccines have made gatherings safer, the reality of the virus and its variants remains a concern for many. It’s a time that calls for sensitivity and adaptability, as we navigate our way through holiday celebrations. The pandemic has affected everyone differently, shaping individual comfort levels and responses to social gatherings. While some of us eagerly anticipate returning to large family gatherings and public celebrations, others remain cautious, preferring smaller, more intimate…