Insight into PTSD
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health condition that is often overshadowed by misconceptions and stigmas. However, it’s high time we shone a light on this issue, especially as it pertains to the Canadian population. According to data, approximately 8% of adults in Canada meet the criteria for probable PTSD, a figure that underscores the urgency of understanding and addressing this disorder. PTSD is a mental health condition that is triggered by experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event. These traumatic events may include, but are not limited to, physical or sexual assault, accidents, natural disasters, or military combat. Following exposure to such an event, it’s normal for individuals to experience a range of reactions such as shock, anger, fear, and even guilt. However, when these symptoms persist beyond a month, intensify over time, or significantly interfere with daily life, it may indicate PTSD.
People with PTSD often experience four primary types of symptoms: intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviours, negative changes in thought and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. Intrusive thoughts may manifest as recurring, involuntary memories of the traumatic event, nightmares, or even flashbacks. Avoidance behaviours refer to the tendency to avoid people, places, activities, or thoughts that remind the individual of the traumatic event. Negative changes in thought and mood may include feelings of detachment from family and friends, a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, or persistent negative beliefs about oneself or the world. Alterations in arousal and reactivity can involve irritability, hypervigilance, difficulty sleeping, or self-destructive behaviour.
PTSD doesn’t discriminate based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, or background—it can affect anyone who has experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. PTSD is also not confined to the battlefield, contrary to a common misconception. While military personnel and first responders are at higher risk due to the nature of their work, anyone can develop PTSD. Studies have also shown that women are more likely to develop PTSD than men, potentially due to a higher risk of experiencing interpersonal trauma such as sexual assault. The impact of PTSD even extends beyond the individuals affected, influencing the family, friends, and communities around them. It’s associated with impaired functioning, reduced quality of life, and elevated risks for other mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. It can also contribute to physical health issues, including heart disease and chronic pain.
Despite the seriousness of PTSD, it’s important to remember that it is treatable. Treatment typically involves psychotherapy (talk therapy), medication, or a combination of both. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which involves working with a mental health counsellor to identify and change thought patterns that lead to harmful behaviors or feelings, is a common form of therapy used in treating PTSD. EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is another evidence-based treatment for PTSD that involves processing traumatic memories in a safe and controlled environment.
In Canada, various resources are available to those suffering from PTSD, including the Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) and Veterans Affairs Canada. These organizations provide support, information, and connections to professional mental health services.