Diseases and Disorders

  • Epilepsy Awareness

    In a vibrant display of solidarity and understanding, March 26th emerges as a significant day across the globe, when individuals don purple attire, accessories, and even light landmarks in shades of lavender to shine a light on epilepsy. This concerted effort aims not only to raise awareness about epilepsy but also to foster a supportive community for those affected by this neurological condition. In Canada, a staggering 300,000 individuals live with epilepsy, contributing to the worldwide estimate of 50 million people grappling with this seizure disorder. The act of wearing purple, a colour historically associated with solitude and nobility, symbolizes the collective acknowledgment of the challenges faced by those living…

  • Tuberculosis Awareness

    Tuberculosis, often abbreviated as TB, stands as a significant infectious disease predominantly affecting the lungs, although it possesses the capability to influence other parts of the body as well. This condition is engendered by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its mode of transmission is primarily airborne, which underscores the ease with which it can spread from one individual to another. Specifically, when a person who harbours active TB engages in activities such as coughing, sneezing, or speaking, they inadvertently release these bacteria into the air, creating a potential risk for others who might inhale these contaminated air particles, thus facilitating the transmission of the disease. The array of symptoms associated…

  • Lymphedema

    Lymphedema stands as a significant health concern, characterized by the swelling that results from the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the body’s tissues—a manifestation of the lymphatic system’s failure to adequately drain this fluid. This system, essential to both the immune and circulatory systems, functions not only to transport lymph, a fluid replete with white blood cells and waste products, back to the bloodstream but also plays a pivotal role in defending the body against infections and diseases. When the lymphatic system is compromised—whether through damage or malformation—lymph fluid builds up, leading to the swelling indicative of lymphedema. Predominantly affecting the limbs, although it can also occur in the chest,…

  • Rare Disease Spotlight: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

    Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a severe disorder that leads to progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, primarily affecting skeletal muscles used for movement and the cardiac muscle. This condition is a form of muscular dystrophy, a group of genetic diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. DMD is distinguished by its early onset, usually in childhood, and its rapid progression compared to other forms of muscular dystrophy. The Genetic Basis of DMD At the core of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a genetic anomaly on the X chromosome affecting the dystrophin gene, which is crucial for maintaining muscle cell integrity. Dystrophin is a protein that acts as a shock…

  • Rare Disease Spotlight: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)

    Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) represent a multifaceted collection of inherited connective tissue disorders, fundamentally characterized by anomalies in the structure, production, and processing of collagen. This protein’s pivotal role in providing strength and elasticity to skin, ligaments, and blood vessels makes its disturbance a source of considerable medical concern. The resultant spectrum of clinical manifestations is broad, encompassing skin hyperextensibility, joint hypermobility, and tissue fragility, which can affect various organ systems to varying degrees of severity. Patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome frequently experience issues with their hand and wrist joints. Typical clinical features involve skin that is soft, smooth, and slightly hyperextensible, accompanied by a tendency to bruise easily yet heal normally.…

  • Rare Disease Spotlight: Sarcoidosis

    Sarcoidosis represents a complex and multifaceted condition that manifests through the formation of granulomas, which are small clusters of inflammatory cells, within various organs throughout the body. This disease is characterized by its unpredictability in terms of organ involvement, severity, and the course it takes, varying greatly from individual to individual. At its core, sarcoidosis is an immune response gone awry, with the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking its own tissues and organs, leading to the formation of these granulomas. While these can develop in any organ, they predominantly affect the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, and skin, but can also impact the liver, heart, and brain, albeit less commonly. The…

  • Navigating the Challenges of Rare Diseases

    Across the globe, an estimated 300 million individuals grapple with the complexities of living with a rare disease. This figure, which accounts for approximately 3.5 to 5.6 percent of the worldwide population, sheds light on a significant yet often overlooked segment of our society. Rare Disease Day, observed today on February 29th, serves as a pivotal moment to amplify awareness and mobilize support for those affected by these uncommon conditions. The majority of rare diseases, with over 72 percent being genetically rooted, present a spectrum of challenges that underscore the urgency for enhanced research, diagnostic processes, and access to care. One of the most formidable obstacles faced by individuals with…

  • GERD Trigger Foods and Prevention Strategies

    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic digestive disorder that affects a significant portion of the population, leading to uncomfortable symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and sometimes even difficulty swallowing. This condition occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, the tube connecting the mouth and stomach, causing irritation and inflammation. The complexity of GERD lies not only in its symptoms but also in the diverse factors that can exacerbate these discomforts, particularly the role of diet and lifestyle choices. Understanding the foods that trigger GERD and adopting strategies to prevent flare-ups are crucial steps in managing this condition effectively, ensuring individuals can maintain a high quality of life…

  • Understanding Alzheimer’s: A Guide for Canadians

    January marks a significant month in Canada – Alzheimer’s Awareness Month. Spearheaded by the Alzheimer Society, this initiative sheds light on Alzheimer’s disease, a condition that touches the lives of many Canadians. Here, we delve into the intricacies of Alzheimer’s, exploring its nature, who it affects, and the impact it has on individuals, families, and society. What is Alzheimer’s Disease? Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory and cognitive functions. It’s the most common form of dementia, accounting for 60-70% of cases. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and brain atrophy. The Canadian…

  • Crohn’s and Colitis

    Crohn’s disease and colitis, often grouped under the umbrella term ‘inflammatory bowel diseases’ (IBD), represent a significant challenge in the field of gastroenterology. Despite their prevalence and impact, misconceptions and uncertainties about these conditions persist. This article aims to demystify Crohn’s and colitis, delving into their pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and the lived experiences of those affected. At the core, Crohn’s disease and Colitis are chronic conditions characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, they exhibit distinct patterns of inflammation and affected areas. Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from mouth to anus, but commonly targets the end of the small intestine and the…